Steps Toward Determination of the Size and Structure of the Broad-Line Region in Active Galactic Nuclei: X. Variability of Fairall 9 from Optical Data
Santos-Lleó, M., et al. 1997, ApJS, 112, 271

The results of an optical monitoring campaign on the active nucleus in the luminous Seyfert 1 galaxy Fairall 9 are presented. This campaign was undertaken in parallel with ultraviolet spectroscopic monitoring with the IUE satellite which is described in a separate paper. The primary purpose of this program is to measure the response times (or ``lags'') of the emission lines to continuum variations, and thus extend the range in luminosity of AGNs for which such measurements have been made. The main conclusions of this work are as follows: (1) Continuum (at 5340 Å) variations of amplitude 12% are detected on time scales as short as 20 days. These variations are much larger than the typical uncertainties in the measurements, which are of order 2%. Over 94 days, a factor of two change in the nuclear continuum was observed. (2) The optical continuum light curve resembles that of the UV continuum, showing two ``events'' of low amplitude variations with a duration of 70 days, and with no measurable lag between the UV and optical continuum light-curves. The UV data show a third larger-amplitude event that was occurred after the optical monitoring had terminated and unfortunately went unobserved in the optical. (3) The Hbeta emission-line flux also underwent significant, low-amplitude (20%) variations. Cross-correlation analysis reveals that Hbeta lags behind the UV continuum by about 23 days, a value much smaller than what was previously suggested by earlier variability studies. However, this small lag is consistent with the lags for the UV lines during this campaign in the sense that the Hbeta lag is approximately 50% larger than that of Ly alpha, as it has been found for lower-luminosity AGNs. (4) The Hbeta difference profile produced by subtracting the low-state from the high-state data can be described as a two-component structure with blue and red components of similar width (2500 km/s) and which appear to vary in phase.