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Publications Book Chapters: L. Bao and E. F. Redish, “Educational Assessment and Underlying Models of Cognition” In The Scholarship Of Teaching And Learning In Higher Education: The Contributions Of Research Universities , Ed. William E. Becker & Moya L. Andrews, pp 221-264, Indiana University Press, 2004. Journal Papers:
PhD Thesis: Dynamics of Student Modeling: A Theory, Algorithms and Application to Quantum Mechanics Lei Bao, University of Maryland, (1999). Peer-Reviewed Conference Proceedings:
Invited Talks and Seminars: 1. L. Bao, “Cross Culture Comparison of Student Content Knowledge and Reasoning Ability,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2008. 2. L. Bao, “Student Learning/Reasoning Ability and Content Knowledge,” Wright State University, March 2008. 3. L. Bao, “Understanding Quantitative Assessment: Probability Frames and Methods,” University of Maryland, November, 2007. 4. L. Bao, Plenary Talk -- “Measurement and Cognitive Modeling,” Biennial Meeting for Foundations and Frontiers of Physics Education Research, Bar Harbor, Maine, 2007. 5. L. Bao, “Comparing the probabilistic frameworks of popular quantitative education measurement methods,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2007. 6. L. Bao, “Cognitive Modeling and Measurement in Education Research,” Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China, July, 2007 7. L. Bao, “Research and Measurement Methodology in Physics Education,” GuangXi Normal University, Guilin, China, July, 2007 8. L. Bao, “Modeling Quantitative Assessment Data,” Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, June, 2007 9. L. Bao, “Physics Education Research and Quantitative Assessment,” BeiJing Normal University, Beijing, China, June, 2007 10. L. Bao, “Physics Education Research: An Interdisciplinary Field of Research,” BeiJing JiaoTong University, Beijing, China, June, 2007 11. L. Bao, “Model Analysis: Representing and Assessing the Dynamics of Student Learning,” APS April Meeting, Jacksonville Florida, April 15-17, 2007 12. L. Bao, “Theoretical Analysis of Models and Methods for Quantitative Assessment,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2006. 13. L. Bao, “Introduction to Model Analysis,” University of Toledo, Oct. 2005. 14. L. Bao, “Physics Education Research at The Ohio State University,” Tsinghua University, Beijing China, Aug. 2005. 15. L. Bao, “Research in Physics Education: An Overview,” Nanjing University, Nanjing China, Aug. 2005. 16. L. Bao, “Research and Development in Physics Education,” China-Japan-US Symposium on Physics Education and Experiment in University, Hangzhou China, Aug. 2005. 17. L. Bao, “Physics Principles in Modeling Education Assessment,” AAPT Summer Meeting, 2005 18. L. Bao, N. Reay, and L. Pengfei “Formative Use of In-Class Polling Technology in Physics Lectures,” AAPT Summer Meeting, 2005 19. L. Bao, “Theoretical and Experimental Approaches in Physics Education Research,” Invited Seminar, University of Washington, May 2005. 20. L. Bao, “Formative Use of In-class Polling Technology in Physics Lectures,” Invited Seminar, Rutgers University, April 2005. 21. L. Bao, “Model Analysis: a Framework for Cognitive Representation and Educational Assessment,” Physics Colloquium, North Carolina State University, Nov. 2004. 22. L. Bao, “Model Analysis as a Method for Cognitive Representation and Measurement,” AAPT Announcer 34 (2) 90 (Aug. 2004). 23. L. Bao, “Recent Advancement in Physics Education Research,” Symposium on Physics Research and Education, Nanjing, China, Aug. 2004. 24. L. Bao, “Formative Assessment: Theory, Methodology and Applications,” Fifth National Competition of Multi-Media and Internet Materials for Physics Education, ShiJiaZhuang, China, Aug. 2004. Keynote Speech. 25. L. Bao, “Internet and Virtual Reality Technology for Teaching Science,” Rainbow Education Research Institute, ShuZhou, China, Aug. 2004. 26. L. Bao, “Education Research in US,” Department of Education, ShengZheng BaoShang District, China, Aug. 2004. 27. L. Bao, “Computational Modeling of the Learning Process: A neural net simulation of students’ learning of charge distribution and polarization,” University of Maryland, Oct. 2003. 28. L. Bao, “Virtual Reality in the Teaching and Learning of Physics,” China Physics Society (CPS) Autumn Annual Meeting, HeFei, China, Sept. 2003. 29. L. Bao, “Recent Advancement in Physics Education Research: Theories and Experiments,” Physics Colloquium, SouthEast University, Nanjing, China, Aug. 2003. 30. L. Bao, “Current Research Issues and Advancement in Physics Education Research,” International Conference on Physics Education Research and Reform, JiAn, China, Aug. 2003. Keynote Speech. 31. L. Bao, “Model Analysis and Education Assessment,” AAPT Announcer 33 (2) 90 (Aug. 2003). 32. L. Bao, “Cognitive Representations: Philosophy and Design of Measurement,” AAPT Announcer 32 (2) 143 (Aug. 2002). 33. L. Bao, “States and Perturbations of Cognitive Processes in Learning Quantum Mechanics, ” Gordon Research Conferences, June, 2002, Physics Research And Education: Quantum Mechanics. 34. L. Bao, “Quantum Cognition: Are we ready?” AAPT National Conference, January, 2002, Announcer 31 (4) 67. 35. L. Bao, “Research on Physics Education,” International Conference on Physics Education Research and Reform, Hangzhou, China, April 1997. 36. L. Bao, “Physics of Flash Memory and Applications in Instruction of Quantum Mechanics”, University of Maryland, September 2000. 37. L. Bao, “Introduction to Model Analysis,” University of Washington, November 1999. 38. L. Bao, “Dynamics of Student Modeling and Assessment Method,” Rutgers University, October 1999. 39. L. Bao, “Model Analysis: A Quantitative Approach to Study Student Understandings of Physics,” Syracuse University, May 1999. Workshops: 1. L. Bao, “Research in Physics Education: Theory and Methodology,” 4-day workshop presented at the Science Education Institute of GuangXi Normal University, Guilin, China, July, 2007. 2. Lei Bao and Neville Reay, “Model Analysis: Theoretical Basis and Methodology for Developing Effective Assessment,” AAPT-PERC Summer Meeting, 2005. 3. Lei Bao, “Using Voting Machine Systems as a Tool for In-class Formative Assessment,” SouthEast University, Nanjing, China, Aug. 2004. 4. Lei Bao and Edward F. Redish, “Model Analysis: Theoretical Basis and Methodology for Developing Effective Assessment,” AAPT Announcer 33 (2) 60 (Aug. 2003). 5. Lei Bao and Edward F. Redish, “Model Analysis: Theoretical Basis and Methodology for Developing Effective Assessment,” AAPT Announcer 32 (2) 62 (Aug. 2002). 6. “Visual Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Tutorials”, AAPT Workshop, July 2000. 7. “Physics Education Research and Instruction in Modern Physics / Quantum Mechanics”, CSAAPT Workshop, UMBC, May 1998. 8. “Tutorials on Teaching Waves in Introductory Physics”, CSAAPT Workshop, UVA, Nov. 1998. 9. “Tutorials in Teaching Introductory Physics,” Workshops at Dickinson College for the Summer Seminar on Teaching Introductory Physics Using Interactive Methods and Computers, June 1995, June 1996 and June 1997. Conference Presentations: AAPT abstracts can be obtained from: http://www.aapt.org/AbstractSearch/ 1. Lei Bao, Tianfang Cai, Jing Wang, Jing Han, and Kathy Koenig, “On the Measurement of Scientific Reasoning Ability: A Developmental Perspective,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2008. 2. Lei Bao, Tianfang Cai, Jing Wang, Jing Han, and Kathy Koenig, “Assessing Scientific Reasoning Ability: Analysis of Skill Dimensions,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2008. 3. Kathleen M. Koenig, Tianfang Cai, Jing Han, Jing Wang, and Lei Bao, “Assessing Middle School, High School, and College Students’ Reasoning Ability,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2008. 4. Kathleen M. Koenig, Tianfang Cai, Jing Han, Jing Wang, and Lei Bao, “Student Scientific Reasoning Ability and Academic Performance,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2008. 5. Albert H. Lee, Lin Ding, Neville W. Reay, and Lei Bao, “Do Experts See What Students See in Clicker Sequences? Validation I,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2008. 6. Lin Ding, Albert H. Lee, Neville W. Reay, and Lei Bao, “Content, Context and Representation in Clicker Sequences: Validation II,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2008. 7. Lin Ding, Albert H. Lee, Neville W. Reay, and Lei Bao, “Students’ Perceptions and Interpretations of Clicker Questions,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2008. 8. Neville W. Reay, Lin Ding, Albert H. Lee, and Lei Bao, “The Effects of Testing Conditions on Pre-Post Test Results,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2008. 9. Neville W. Reay, Lin Ding, Albert Lee, and Lei Bao, “Studying the Impact of Testing Conditions on Conceptual Survey Results,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2008. 10. Lei Bao, Jing Wang, “Flipping the mind: switch effect as a tool for measurement,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2007. 11. David Pritchard, Young-Jin Lee, Lei Bao, “How Prior Knowledge Affects Learning: Common Learning Theories Lead to Different Learning Models,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2007. 12. Stephen Stonebraker, Lei Bao, “Studying Fine Structures of Mixed Mental Model States,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2007. 13. Jing Wang, Lei Bao, “An item response analysis of existing concept surveys,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2007. 14. Albert Lee, Lei Bao, Pengfei Li, Neville Reay, Jing Wang, “Gender Differences in Using Voting Machine in Introductory Physics Courses,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2007. 15. Dedra Demaree, Gordon Aubrecht, Lei Bao, “Does feedback improve scientific writing quality independent of grade motivation?” AAPT Summer Meeting 2007. 16. Neville Reay, Lei Bao, Albert Lee, Pengfei Li, “A new clicker methodology for Introductory Physics Lectures,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2007. 17. Pengfei Li, Neville Reay, Albert Lee, Lei Bao, “Designs and evaluations of two types of clicker question sequences,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2007. 18. Lili Cui, Eric Anderson, Lei Bao, “Using Online Forum to Foster Interaction Outside Classroom,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2007. 19. Kai Fang, Tianfang Cai, Jing Wang, Lili Cui, Lei Bao, “Cross culture comparison of results from physics concept tests,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2007. 20. Stephen Stonebraker, Jing Wang, Lili Cui, Lei Bao, “Observations of implicit and explicit mixed mental model states,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2007. 21. Neville Reay, Lei Bao, Albert Lee, Pengfei Li, “A new clicker methodology for Introductory Physics Lectures,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2007. 22. Jing Wang, Lei Bao, “Switch effect: underlying mechanism and inferences,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2007. 23. Jing Wang, Lei Bao, “Application of item response theory in physics education research,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2007. 24. Lei Bao, Jing Wang, Jake Mayer, Albert Lee, Neville Reay, “Cross comparison of VM questions, conceptual surveys and common exams,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2007. 25. Albert Lee, Lei Bao, Pengfei Li, Neville Reay, Jing Wang, “Testing Voting Machine in Algebra-based Introductory E&M Course,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2007. 26. Lei Bao, Jing Wang, “A Switch Effect in Concept Test Questions,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2006. 27. Jing Wang, Lei Bao, “Conceptual Priming in Multiple Choice Questions,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2006. 28. Stephen Stonebraker, Lei Bao, “Toward a Model of Inconsistencies in Student Responses,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2006. 29. Dedra Demaree, Lei Bao, Scott Franklin, Gordon Aubrecht, Wenhui Zhao, “Using a Tracking Tool to Analyze Student Writing and Revising,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2006. 30. Pengfei Li, Neville Reay, Lei Bao, “Assessment of Using the Clickers,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2006. 31. Rebecca Lindell, Lei Bao, Andrew Heckler, “A Mixed-Method Approach to Discovering Conceptual Learning Hierarchies,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2006. 32. Neville Reay, Lei Bao, Pengfei Li, “Toward an Effective Use of Clickers in Lectures,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2006. 33. Lei Bao, Jing Wang, “Switch Effect in Concept Test: Designs and Applications,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2006. 34. Jing Wang, Lei Bao, “Transfer or Not: Depends on the Question,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2006. 35. Neville Reay, Lei Bao, Pengfei Li, “Using Clickers in Classes with Different Instructional Methodologies,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2006. 36. Stephen Stonebraker, Lei Bao, “Case Studies of Inconsistencies in Student Problem Solving,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2006. 37. Lei Bao, Andrew Heckler, Rebecca Lindell, “Data Modeling of Results from the Lunar Phase Concept Inventory,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2006. 38. Pengfei Li, Neville Reay, Lei Bao, “Assessment of In-class Polling System in Lectures,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2006. 39. Dedra Demaree, Gordon Aubrecht, Lei Bao, Scott Franklin, Lisa Hermsen, “Towards a Quantitative Analysis of Writing and Revision Structure,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2006. 40. Dedra Demaree, Lei Bao, Wenhui Zhao, Gordon Aubrecht, Scott Franklin, “A New Tool for Tracking Student Writing and Revision,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2006. 41. Yeounsoo Kim, Lei Bao, Investigating the Relationship Between Epistemological Beliefs and Cognitive Conflicts, AAPT Winter Meeting 2006. 42. Pengfei Li, Neville Reay, Assessment of Using an In-Class Polling System in Lectures, AAPT Winter Meeting 2006. 43. Jing Wang and Lei Bao, Using Question Sequences To Probe Ontology Shift, AAPT Winter Meeting 2006. 44. Pengfei Li, Neville Reay, Lei Bao Assessment of Using the Clickers, AAPT Winter Meeting 2006. 45. Lei Bao, Pengfei Li, Neville Reay, “Formative Use of In-Class Polling Technology in Physics Lectures,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2005 46. Homeyra Sadaghiani and Lei Bao, “Mathematical Tools Needed To Understand Quantum Mechanics Concepts,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2005 47. Pengfei Li, Lei Bao, Neville Reay, Jing Wang, “New-Information Problem,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2005. 48. Lei Bao, “Physics Principles in Modeling Education Assessment,” AAPT Winter Meeting 2005. 49. Stephen Stonebraker, Jing Wang, Lei Bao, “Can Voting Machines Bring the Back of the Room Forward?” AAPT Summer Meeting 2005. 50. Pengfei Li, Lei Bao, Neville Reay, “Formative Use of the electronic Voting System,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2005. 51. Yeounsoo Kim, Lei Bao, “Using the iCARE for Monitoring Cognitive Conflicts and Anxiety,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2005. 52. Yeounsoo Kim, Lei Bao, “Students' Cognitive Conflicts and Conceptual Change in PBI Classes,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2005. 53. Yeounsoo Kim, Lei Bao, “Investigating the Relationship Between Prior Knowledge and Cognitive Conflict,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2005. 54. Homeyra Sadaghiani, Lei Bao, “Students' Understanding of Symmetry in Mathematics and Quantum Mechanics,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2005. 55. Homeyra Sadaghiani, Lei Bao, “A Three-Year Investigation on Teaching and Learning Quantum Mechanics,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2005. 56. Dedra Demaree, Lei Bao, “Student Difficulties with Wave Representations and their Applications,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2005. 57. Dedra Demaree, Stephen Stonebraker, Wenhui Zhao, Lei Bao, “Outside the Box: An Unexpected Application for Virtual Reality Simulations,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2005. 58. Pengfei Li, Lei Bao, Neville Reay, Jing Wang, “Statistical Analysis of Students' Voting Data in an E&M Course,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2005. 59. Stephen Stonebraker, Jing Wang, Lei Bao, “Influences of Seating Position and Voting Machines on Course Performance,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2005 60. Stephen Stonebraker, Dedra Demaree, Lei Bao, “Comparing Simulation-Based and Equipment-Based Lab Activities,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2005. 61. Lei Bao, Florin Bocaneala, Jing Wang, “Computational Cognitive Analysis of Student Learning in Electric Charge Distribution,” AAPT Summer Meeting 2005. 62. Lei Bao, Florin Bocaneala and Jing Wang “Measurement and Modeling of Student Group Learning Behaviors,” AAPT Winter Meeting 2005.Stephen Stonebraker and Lei Bao, “The Choosing Function: Modeling How Students Pick Homework Problems,” AAPT Winter Meeting 2005. 63. Yeounsoo Kim and Lei Bao, “Using the ICAE for Facilitating Conceptual Change in PBI Classes,” AAPT Winter Meeting 2005. 64. Yeounsoo Kim and Lei Bao, “Applying Strategies for Helping Students Manage Conflicts in PBI Classes,” AAPT Winter Meeting 2005. 65. Dedra N. Demaree and Lei Bao, “Students' Understanding and Use of Simple Graphical Representations for Waves,” AAPT Winter Meeting 2005. 66. Dedra N. Demaree and Lei Bao, “Using ISLE Laboratories to Enhance a Traditional Lecture-Based Course Meeting,” AAPT Winter Meeting 2005. 67. Homeyra Sadaghiani and Lei Bao, “Understanding of Phase and Phase Difference in a Variety of Contexts,” AAPT Winter Meeting 2005. 68. Homeyra Sadaghiani and Lei Bao, “Tutorials on Quantum Probability and Wave Function in Different Potential Wells,” AAPT Winter Meeting 2005. 69. Yeounsoo Kim and Lei Bao, “Developing Strategies for Helping Students Manage Conflicts in PBI Classes,” AAPT Winter Meeting 2005. 70. Dedra N. Demaree and Lei Bao, “Using ISLE Laboratories to Enhance a Traditional Lecture-Based Course,” AAPT Winter Meeting 2005. 71. Gyoungho Lee Jongho Shin, Jiyeon Park, Yeounsoo Kim, and Lei Bao, “Mental Models for Physics Education Research: Structure, Process, & Time,” AAPT Winter Meeting 2005. 72. Homeyra Sadaghiani and Lei Bao, “Addressing Student Difficulties in Understanding Phase and Phase Difference,” AAPT Winter Meeting 2005. 73. Stephen Stonebraker and Lei Bao, “Student Decision-Making About Homework in an Increased-Freedom Environment,” AAPT Winter Meeting 2005. 74. Jing Wang, Pengfei Li, Homeyra Sadaghiani, Neville W Reay , and Lei Bao, “Developing Voting Machine Questions for Introductory Physics Courses,” AAPT Winter Meeting 2005. 75. Lei Bao, and Florin Bocaneala, “Efforts in Experimental and Computational Modeling of the Learning Environment,” AAPT Announcer, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 91, (Aug. 2004). 76. Lei Bao, Yeounsoo Kim and Florin Bocaneala, “The Development of an Instrument to Monitor Student Affective Status,” AAPT Announcer, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 132, (Aug. 2004). 77. Neville Reay, Pengfei Li, and Lei Bao, “Use of Voting Machine in a Freshman Physics Course,” AAPT Announcer, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 124, (Aug. 2004). 78. Neville Reay, Pengfei Li, and Lei Bao, “Use of Voting Machine to Teach Freshman Physics,” AAPT Announcer, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 133, (Aug. 2004). 79. Pengfei Li, Neville Reay, and Lei Bao, “Model-Based Analysis of In-Class Polling Data,” AAPT Announcer, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 124, (Aug. 2004). 80. Pengfei Li, Neville Reay, and Lei Bao, “Effects of In-Class Polling on Student Performance in Learning Physics,” AAPT Announcer, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 133, (Aug. 2004). 81. Yeounsoo Kim and Lei Bao, “Developing Instruments for Evaluating Anxiety Caused by Cognitive Conflict,” AAPT Announcer, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 126, (Aug. 2004). 82. Yeounsoo Kim and Lei Bao, “Student Anxiety Types in Cognitive Conflict Situations and Conceptual change,” AAPT Announcer, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 133, (Aug. 2004). 83. Yeounsoo Kim, Yongheon Cho, Sangwoo Shin, Jaesool Kwon and Lei Bao, “Anxiety Types in Cognitive Conflict at Action and Reaction Task,” AAPT Announcer, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 132, (Aug. 2004). 84. Yeounsoo Kim, Gyoungho Lee, Jiyeon Park and Lei Bao, “Students’ Mental Models and Beliefs about Circular Motion,” AAPT Announcer, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 132, (Aug. 2004). 85. Homeyra R. Sadaghiani and Lei Bao, “Student Learning of Quantum Mechanics,” AAPT Announcer 34 (2) P 172 (Aug. 2004). 86. Homeyra R. Sadaghiani and Lei Bao, “Student Understanding of Fourier Analysis,” AAPT Announcer 34 (2) P 133 (Aug. 2004). 87. Homeyra R. Sadaghiani and Lei Bao, “Student Understanding of Probability-Wave Distribution and Measurement Uncertainty,” AAPT Announcer 34 (2) P 133 (Aug.2004). 88. Homeyra R. Sadaghiani and Lei Bao, “Enhancing Engagement in High School Physics Classes Using Virtual Reality,” AAPT Announcer 34 (2) P 97 (Aug. 2004). 89. Dedra Demaree, Stephen Stonebraker and Lei Bao, “Virtual Reality Experiments in Introductory Physics Laboratories,” AAPT Announcer, Vol. 34, N. 2, pp. 136, (Aug. 2004). 90. Dedra Demaree, Stephen Stonebraker and Lei Bao, “Virtual Reality Experiments in Introductory Physics Laboratories,” PERC Program, pp. 24, (Aug. 2004). 91. Dedra Demaree and Lei Bao, “Assessing Student Understanding of Wave Amplitude and Intensity,” PERC Program, pp. 21, (Aug. 2004). 92. Dedra Demaree, Stephen Stonebraker, Wenhui Zhao and Lei Bao, “An Example of Virtual Reality Experiments in Introductory Physics Laboratories,” AAPT Announcer, Vol. 24, N. 2, pp. 131, (Aug. 2004). 93. Dedra Demaree and Lei Bao, “Student Attitudes Towards Laboratory Quizzes,” AAPT Announcer, Vol. 24, N. 2, pp. 131, (Aug. 2004). 94. Stephen Stonebraker and Lei Bao, “Statistical Analysis of Student Performances and Behaviors Under the ‘Flexible Homework’ System,” AAPT Announcer, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 183, (Aug. 2004). 95. Stephen Stonebraker and Lei Bao, “Using An Interactive Simulation To Teach Centripetal Force,” AAPT Announcer, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 156, (Aug. 2004). 96. Florin Bocaneala and Lei Bao, “Speech volume and group cognitive processes in Physics classroom” AAPT Announcer, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 132, (Aug. 2004). 97. Florin Bocaneala and Lei Bao, “Collective learning and communication in a Physics classroom,” AAPT Announcer, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 132, (Aug. 2004). 98. Florin Bocaneala and Lei Bao, “Simorgh is in the classroom: artificial simulations of the Physics classroom,” AAPT Announcer, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 92, (Aug. 2004). 99. Lei Bao,Stephen Stonebraker, Lee Gyoungho, "Virtual Experiments as a Tool for Active Engagement," 128th AAPT National Meeting: Miami Beach, FL (Jan. 2004). 100.Florin Bocaneala and Lei Bao, “Complex Systems and Physics Learning,” AAPT Announcer, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 106, (Jan. 2004). 101.Lee, G., Kim, Y., Kwon, J., & Bao, L. (2004). Another Cognitive Conflict in Learning Physics: When VE Is Consistent with a Student's Answer. Meeting: 128th AAPT National Meeting: Miami Beach, FL 102.Stonebraker and Bao, “Flexible Homework: Allowing Students Self-Determination In Homework,” AAPT Announcer, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 122, (Jan. 2004). 103.Stonebraker and Bao, “Implementation of and Student Behavior under a Flexible Homework System,” AAPT Announcer, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 73, (Jan. 2004). 104.Stonebraker and Bao, “Creating Cognitive Conflict In Mechanics Using "Virtual Reality" Simulations,” AAPT Announcer, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 73, (Jan. 2004). 105.Homeyra R. Sadaghiani and Lei Bao, "Knowing Our Students in Upper-Level Undergraduate Quantum Courses," AAPT Announcer 33 (4) P 135 (January 2004). 106.Homeyra R. Sadaghiani and Lei Bao "Student Difficulty in Extracting Physical Meaning from Linear-Algebra in Undergraduate Quantum Class," AAPT Announcer 33 (4) P 74 (January 2004). 107.Homeyra R. Sadaghiani and Lei Bao, "Evaluation of Model Analysis Theory as a Statistical Tool for Assessment of Qualitative Data," AAPT Announcer 33 (4) P 74 (January 2004). 108.Lei Bao, “Context Cues, Associations, and Learning of Physics,” APPT Announcer 33 (2) 114 (Aug. 2003). 109.Lei Bao, Stephen R. Stonebraker and Wenhui Zhao “Making Real Sense of Physics with Force Feedback Virtual Reality Simulations,” APPT Announcer 33 (2) 147 (Aug. 2003). 110.Lei Bao, Neville W. Reay, Gordon Baugh, Rasil Warnakulasooriya and Wenhui Zhao “The Use of Voting Machines in Classroom Instruction,” APPT Announcer 33 (2) 147 (Aug. 2003). 111.Yuhfen Lin and Lei Bao, “The Use of Weekly Journals in Physics by Inquiry,” APPT Announcer 33 (2) 152 (Aug. 2003). 112.Rasil Warnakulasooriya and Lei Bao, “Investigating Students' Learning of E&M Through Model-Based Diagnostic Instruments,” APPT Announcer 33 (2) 151 (Aug. 2003). 113.Florin Bocaneala and Lei Bao, “Development of an Integrated Web-Based Surveying Platform: Socrates,” APPT Announcer 33 (2) 137 (Aug. 2003). 114.Florin Bocaneala and Lei Bao, “Using Web Survey Systems for Weekly Journals in PBI Courses,” APPT Announcer 33 (2) 147 (Aug. 2003) 115.Stephen R. Stonebraker, Wenhui Zhao and Lei Bao, “Force and Acceleration in Virtual Reality Simulations with Haptic Cues,” APPT Announcer 33 (2) 106 (Aug. 2003). 116.Homeyra Sadaghiani and Lei Bao, “Probing Student Mental Models in a Modern Physics Class Using Voting Machines,” APPT Announcer 33 (2) 104 (Aug. 2003). 117.Neville W. Reay, Gordon Baugh, Lei Bao and Rasil Warnakulasooriya, “Group Work in a Freshman Engineering Honors Physics Class,” APPT Announcer 33 (2) 103 (Aug. 2003). 118.Gordon J. Aubrecht, II, Stephen R. Stonebraker and Lei Bao, “Experience with Teacher-Provided Homework Solutions in an Algebra-Based Physics Course,” APPT Announcer 33 (2) 91 (Aug. 2003). 119.Stephen R. Stonebraker and Lei Bao, “Comparing Grades and Behavior Under a Flexible Homework System,” APPT Announcer 33 (2) 90 (Aug. 2003). 120.Homeyra Sadaghiani and Lei Bao, “Developing Conceptually-Based Questions in Quantum Mechanics,” AAPT Announcer 33 (2) 90 (Aug. 2003). 121.Lei Bao, “Action-Based Measurement of Student Attitudes and Learning Styles,” AAPT Announcer 32 (4) 64 (Jan. 2003). 122.Lei Bao and Wenhui Zhao, “Integrating Low-Level Sensory Cues in the Learning of Phyiscs,” AAPT Announcer 32 (4) 109 (Jan. 2003). 123.Gyoungho Lee and Lei Bao, “Probing Students’ Learning Physics with a Flexible Test,” AAPT Announcer 32 (4) 114 (Jan. 2003). 124.Gyoungho Lee and Lei Bao, “Students’ Learning Paths in an Introductory Physics Class,” AAPT Announcer 32 (4) 110 (Jan. 2003). 125.Gordon Baugh and Lei Bao, “Factors that Affect Student Motivations,” AAPT Announcer 32 (4) 74 (Jan. 2003). 126.Rasil Warnakulasooriya and Lei Bao, “Contexts and mental models in some topics of electricity and magnetism,” AAPT Announcer 32 (4) 59 (Jan. 2003). 127.Gordon Baugh and Lei Bao, “Student Motivations and Learning Styles in Problem Solving Settings,” AAPT Announcer 32 (4) 109 (Jan. 2003). 128.Stephen R. Stonebraker, Homeyra Sadaghiani, and Lei Bao, “Effects of Increased Freedom in Homework Assignments,” AAPT Announcer 32 (4) 110. (Jan. 2003) 129.Stephen R Stonebraker and Lei Bao, “Student Response to Formats of Teacher-Provided Homework Solutions,” AAPT Announcer 32 (4) 110. (Jan. 2003) 130.Homeyra R. Sadaghiani and Lei Bao, "Interactive Recitations: Incorporating Conceptual Learning into Problem solving," AAPT Announcer 32 (4)105 (Jan. 2003). 131.Homeyra R. Sadaghiani and Lei Bao, "Incorporating Conceptual Learning into Problem Solving," AAPT Announcer 32 (4)109 (Jan. 2003). 132.Homeyra R. Sadaghiani and Lei Bao, "Instructional Treatment to Emphasize Effective Textbook Reading," AAPT Announcer 32 (4)109 (Jan. 2003). 133.Lei Bao, “Forms of Context-Dependence of Student Learning in Physics,” AAPT Announcer 32 (2) 106 (Aug. 2002). 134.Lei Bao, Wenhui Zhao, and Gyoungho Lee, “ Context Cues and Learning: A Virtual Environment Platform for Education Research and Practice,” AAPT Announcer 32 (2) 149 (Aug. 2002). 135.Homeyra R. Sadaghiani and Lei Bao, “Immediate Informative Feedback Using a New Homework System,” AAPT Announcer 32 (2) 84 (Aug. 2002). 136.Homeyra R. Sadaghiani and Lei Bao, “The Effect of a New Homework System on Student Motivation and Learning Behavior,” AAPT Announcer 32 (2) 153 (Aug. 2002). 137.Rasil Warnakulasooriya, Gyoungho Lee, and Lei Bao, “Physical and Operational Types of Thinking and Knowledge Structure,” AAPT Announcer 32 (2) 140 (Aug 2002). 138.Rasil Warnakulasooriya and Lei Bao, “Mental Models and Context Factors in Some Concepts of Electricity and Magnetism,” AAPT Announcer 32 (2) 152 (Aug 2002). 139.Rasil Warnakulasooriya and Lei Bao, “Toward a Model-Based Diagnostic Instrument in Electricity and Magnetism- An Example,” AAPT-PERC, August 2002. 140.Keith Oliver and Lei Bao, “Student Mental Structures About Quantum Mechanics as Seen in Interviews,” AAPT Announcer 32 (2) 85 (Aug. 2002). 141.Keith Oliver and Lei Bao, “Techniques for Measurement of Multiple Aspects of Mental Structures in Physics Majors,” AAPT Announcer 32 (2) 152 - 153 (Aug. 2002). 142.Keith Oliver and Lei Bao, “Student Resources in Quantum Mechanics, or Why Students Need Meta Resources,” AAPT-PERC, August 2002. 143.Gyoungho Lee and Lei Bao, “Analyzing the Context-Dependency of Student Learning in Physics with a Context Map,” AAPT Announcer 32 (2) 106 (Aug 2002). 144.Gyoungho Lee and Lei Bao, “Differences of Student Learning in Mechanics and in E & M Courses,” AAPT Announcer 32 (2) 151 (Aug 2002). 145.Gyoungho Lee and Lei Bao, “Context Map: A Method to Represent The Interactions Between Students’ Learning and Multiple Context Factors,” AAPT-PERC, August 2002. 146.Lei Bao, “Teaching Towards an Explicit Epistemology of Physics and Learning Physics,” AAPT Announcer 31 (4) 98 (Jan. 2002). 147.Lei Bao, “The Dynamics of Students’ Model Evolution Processes: Model Analysis in Case Studies,” AAPT Announcer 31 (4) 95 (Jan. 2002). 148.Rasil Warnakulasooriya and Lei Bao, “Case Studies on Students’ Understanding of Electricity and Magnetism on,” AAPT Announcer 31 (4) 128 (Jan. 2002). 149.Keith Oliver and Lei Bao, “Higher Order Cognitive Goals in Quantum Mechanics,” AAPT Announcer 31 (4) 98 (Jan. 2002). 150.Keith Oliver and Lei Bao, “Studies on Student Metacognition and Epistemic Cognition in Quantum Mechanics,” AAPT Announcer 31 (4) 116 (Jan. 2002). 151.Gyoungho Lee and Lei Bao, “Case Studies on Students’ Epistemological Views in a Large Physics Class,” AAPT Announcer 31 (4) 95 (Jan. 2002). 152.Gyoungho Lee and Lei Bao, “The Effects of Context on Students’ Epistemological Views in Learning Mechanics,”AAPT Announcer 31 (4) 73 (Jan. 2002). 153.Rasil Warnakulasooriya and Lei Bao, “Student Reasoning Across Domains of Context,” APS/AAPT Ohio Session (October 10, 2001). 154.Gyoungho Lee and Lei Bao, “Graduate Students’ Views on Learning and Teaching in Physics”, AAPT Announcer 31 (2) 124 (July 2001). 155.Keith Oliver and Lei Bao, “Epistemic Cognition in Quantum Mechanics,” APS/AAPT Ohio Session, October 2001. 156.Lei Bao, “Understanding Students’ Representations in Learning Physics: Theories and Assessment Methods,” AAPT Announcer 31 (2) 127 (July 2001). 157.Lei Bao and Gyoungho Lee, “The Context-Dependence of Students’ Views on Learning”, AAPT Announcer 31 (2) 71 (July 2001). 158.Gyoungho Lee and Lei Bao, “Graduate Students’ Views on Learning and Teaching in Physics”, AAPT Announcer 31 (2) 124 (July 2001). 159.Rasil Warnakulasooriya and Lei Bao, “Student Mental Models in Electromagnetism: A Context-Dependent Perspective”, AAPT Announcer (2) 127 (July 2001). 160.Rasil Warnakulasooriya and Lei Bao, “Consistency of Student Reasoning Across Domains of Contexts”, AAPT Announcer 31 (2) 71 (July 2001). 161.Keith Oliver and Lei Bao, “Quantum Mechanics Course Goals and Associated Research Objectives,” AAPT-PERC, July 2001. 162.Dean Zollman, Kirsten Hogg, Chandima Cumaranatunge, Waldemar Axmann, Donna Poole and Lei Bao, “Visual Quantum Mechanics: A Six Year Review”, AAPT Announcer 30 (4) 73 (Jan. 2001). 163.Dean Zollman, Kirsten Hogg and Lei Bao, “Interactive Engagement in a Modern Physics Course”, AAPT Announcer 30 (4) 135 (Jan. 2001). 164.Lei Bao and Dean Zollman, “Which should be First: Potential Well or Potential Steps?” AAPT Summer 2000. 165.Lei Bao, “Context-Explicit Modeling of Conceptual Learning Process: Theory, Assessment, and Instruction”, AAPT Announcer 30 (4) 118 (Jan. 2001). 166.Lei Bao, “Context-Explicit Modeling of Student Concept of Mechanics”, AAPT Announcer 30 (4) 72 (Jan. 2001). 167.Rebecca S. Lindell Adrian and Lei Bao, “Students’ Initial Model State of Lunar Phases”, AAPT Announcer 30 (4) 98 (Jan. 2001). 168.Lei Bao, Edward F. Redish, “What Can You Learn From A (Good) Multiple-Choice Exam?”, GIREP, Summer 2000, Spain. 169.Lei Bao, Kirsten Hogg and Dean Zollman, “Model Analysis on Fine Structures of Student Models,” AAPT Announcer 29 (4) 98 (Jan. 2000) 170.Kirsten Hogg, Lei Bao and Dean Zollman, “The Sub-Dimensions of the Dominant Agent Model on Newton's Third Law: Results from Student Interviews,” AAPT Announcer 29 (4) 64 (Jan. 2000) 171.Lei Bao and Rebecca S. Lindell Adrian, “Quantitative Evaluation of Student Model States Concerning Apparent Celestial Motion,” AAPT Announcer 29 (4) 73 (Jan. 2000) 172.Rebecca S. Lindell Adrian and Lei Bao, “Students' Initial Model State of Apparent Celestial Motion,” AAPT Announcer 29 (4) 72 (Jan. 2000) 173.Lei Bao, Dean Zollman, et al., “Bridging the Traditional Labs into Formal Course with Extended Tutorial: A Case Study on Modern Physics,” AAPT Summer 2000. 174.Kirsten Hogg, Lei Bao and et al., “Medical Imaging and Medical Procedures Used as Tools for Teaching Modern Physics: Interviews,” AAPT Announcer 29 (4) 73 (Jan. 2000) 175.Kirsten Hogg, Lei Bao and et al., “Teaching Environments for College Level Quantum Mechanics,” AAPT Announcer 29 (4) 73 (Jan. 2000). 176.Lei Bao and Edward F. Redish, “Model Analysis: A Quantitative Approach to Study Student Understanding of Physics,” AAPT Announcer 29 (2) 95 (Aug. 1999) 177.Edward F. Redish and Lei. Bao, “Model Evaluation with Multiple Choice Test,” AAPT Announcer 29 (2) 95 (Aug. 1999). 178.Lei Bao, Edward F. Redish, and Richard N. Steinberg, “Student Misunderstandings of the Quantum Wavefunction,” AAPT Announcer 28 (2), 92 (July 1998) 179.Michel. C. Wittmann, Lei Bao, Richard N. Steinberg, and E. F. Redish, “Curriculum Development to Address Student Difficulties with Models of Conductivity,” AAPT Announcer 29 (2), (Aug. 1999) 180.Edward F. Redish, Lei Bao, and Richard N. Steinberg, “Student mental models of conductivity,” AAPT Announcer 28 (2), 92 (July 1998) 181.Lei Bao, Edward F. Redish, and Richard N. Steinberg, “Seeing the Invisible: A new quantum tutorial with LED’s,” AAPT Announcer 28 (2), 106 (July 1998) 182.Lei Bao, et al., “Activity-Based Modern Physics: Introducing Quantum Mechanics to Undergraduate Science Majors,” AOK Regional AAPT, Tulsa OK, Nov. 1999 183.Lei Bao, Edward F. Redish, and Richard N. Steinberg, “Student Models in Learning Modern Physics,” PERC Meeting (Pre-meeting for AAPT on Physics Education), Lincoln, NE, Aug, 1998. 184.Lei Bao and E. F. Redish, “Study Classical Probability with Video,” AAPT Announcer 29 (2), 102 (Aug. 1999) 185.Lei Bao, “The Bouncing Ball: An MBL Demonstration of the Period Doubling Approach to Chaos,” AAPT Announcer 26 (2), 97 (July 1996) 186.Lei Bao, Pratibha Jolly, and Edward F. Redish, “Student Difficulties with Quantum Mechanics,” AAPT Announcer 26 (2), 70-71 (July 1996) 187.Edward F. Redish, Lei Bao, and Pratibha Jolly, “Student difficulties with energy in quantum mechanics,” AAPT Announcer 26 (4), 80 (Dec. 1996). 188.Lei Bao, Zhonghan Woo, “Change the Objective of Mid-level Science Education from University Entrance Rate to Quality and Ability Fostering,” Third US/Japan/China Conference on Physics Education, ZhaoQing, China, July, 1993.
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